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Что (кто) такое nuclear fuel - определение
!['''ATR Core''' The [[Advanced Test Reactor]] at [[Idaho National Laboratory]] uses plate-type fuel in a clover leaf arrangement. The blue glow around the core is known as [[Cherenkov radiation]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Advanced Test Reactor.jpg?width=200 "'''ATR Core''' The [[Advanced Test Reactor]] at [[Idaho National Laboratory]] uses plate-type fuel in a clover leaf arrangement. The blue glow around the core is known as [[Cherenkov radiation]].")
![A graph comparing [[nucleon number]] against [[binding energy]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Binding energy curve - common isotopes.svg?width=200 "A graph comparing [[nucleon number]] against [[binding energy]]")
![Close-up of a replica of the core of the [[research reactor]] at the [[Institut Laue-Langevin]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ILL core 8358 extract.jpg?width=200 "Close-up of a replica of the core of the [[research reactor]] at the [[Institut Laue-Langevin]]")
![''Cassini'' spacecraft]] RTGs before launch](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RTG radiation measurement.jpg?width=200 "''Cassini'' spacecraft]] RTGs before launch")
![[[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]] (NRC) photo of unirradiated (fresh) fuel pellets.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fuel Pellet.jpg?width=200 "[[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]] (NRC) photo of unirradiated (fresh) fuel pellets.")
Википедия
Nuclear fuel is material used in nuclear power stations to produce heat to power turbines. Heat is created when nuclear fuel undergoes nuclear fission.
Most nuclear fuels contain heavy fissile actinide elements that are capable of undergoing and sustaining nuclear fission. The three most relevant fissile isotopes are uranium-233, uranium-235 and plutonium-239. When the unstable nuclei of these atoms are hit by a slow-moving neutron, they frequently split, creating two daughter nuclei and two or three more neutrons. In that case, the neutrons released go on to split more nuclei. This creates a self-sustaining chain reaction that is controlled in a nuclear reactor, or uncontrolled in a nuclear weapon. Alternatively, if the nucleus absorbs the neutron without splitting, it creates a heavier nucleus with one additional neutron.
The processes involved in mining, refining, purifying, using, and disposing of nuclear fuel are collectively known as the nuclear fuel cycle.
Not all types of nuclear fuels create power from nuclear fission; plutonium-238 and some other isotopes are used to produce small amounts of nuclear power by radioactive decay in radioisotope thermoelectric generators and other types of atomic batteries.
Nuclear fuel has the highest energy density of all practical fuel sources.
